Going into detail on what this term means and how it relates to health guidelines. This article may be incomplete.
Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC) is a condition characterized by calcium deposits forming in the fibrous ring of the mitral valve, known as the mitral annulus. These calcium deposits can lead to changes in the structure and function of the mitral valve, potentially causing valve leakage or narrowing. While often considered a benign finding, severe MAC can be associated with complications such as mitral valve regurgitation, stenosis, or an increased risk of arrhythmias.
The exact cause of MAC is not entirely clear, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors, including age, chronic kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disorders. In some cases, MAC may be linked to other conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, or autoimmune disorders. Diagnosis of MAC is typically made through imaging studies such as echocardiography or computed tomography (CT) scans, which can visualize the calcified areas around the mitral valve.
Management of MAC usually involves monitoring for any progression of the calcification and addressing any associated complications, such as arrhythmias or valve dysfunction. Treatment may be focused on managing symptoms and addressing underlying conditions contributing to MAC development. In cases where MAC leads to significant mitral valve dysfunction, interventions such as valve repair or replacement may be necessary to restore proper heart function and alleviate symptoms.