ASD

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart condition characterized by a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the upper chambers of the heart (atria). This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right atrium, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the bloodstream. While some small ASDs may close on their own during infancy or childhood, larger defects may result in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, recurrent respiratory infections, and difficulty feeding in infants. In some cases, ASDs may not cause noticeable symptoms until later in life when complications such as arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, or heart failure develop.

Diagnosing an ASD typically involves a combination of physical examination findings, imaging tests like echocardiography or MRI, and cardiac catheterization for a definitive diagnosis. Treatment options for ASD aim to prevent complications and improve heart function. In many cases, small ASDs that are not causing significant issues may not require treatment but will need regular monitoring. However, larger defects or those causing symptoms may necessitate closure through transcatheter procedures or surgery to prevent long-term complications and improve quality of life. With timely diagnosis and appropriate management, individuals with ASDs can lead fulfilling lives with normal life expectancy.